Hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles, 4th edition pearson. Committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels board on energy and environmental systems division on engineering and physical sciences. Alternative fuels used in transportation for the teacher. New alternative fuel vehicles may derive their energy from powerful electric batteries, compressed natural gas or a hybrid of other power sources. Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicles and. In addition, by 2020 ups plans that one in four new vehicles purchased annually will be an alternative fuel or advanced technology vehicle. The alternative fuels program is working hard to promote the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles in new york city but its main challenge is to develop refueling sites for alternative fuels. We are in a time of transition from a century of conventional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines burning fossil fuels to a new generation that incorporates varying levels of electric drive and low carbon fuels.
State requirements boost the transition to alternative. One technology that has achieved considerable success in the us. Ups has a goal that 25 percent of the electricity it consumes will come from renewable energy sources by 2025, a dramatic increase from the 0. Future transport fuels european commission european union. Infrastructure for alternative fuels european commission. Summary transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels. Suppliers of clean, fuel efficient vehicle technologies, august 2011. Summary of onroad alternative fueled and hybrid vehicles made available, by fuel.
Read transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels at. The first generally refers to vehicles owned by firms or government agencies, while the second is commonly used to denote private vehicles. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. However, the funds from that levy were redirected back to the highway trust fund in 1997. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and nonpetroleumbased fuel technology as. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels report of. Replacing it with an equally extensive and reliable alternative based on. A variety of alternative fuels will be considered such as hydrogen, fuels derived from fossil feedstocks, and different biofuels derived from biomass feedstocks. The afdc focuses not only on alternative fuels, but all advanced transportation fuels, vehicles, and technologies. Scenarios of the transition to electric drive passenger cars and light trucks are created using the same model, technology and market behavior assumptions used in the recent national research council study, transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels energy.
Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels ebook. Greenhouse gasessuch as carbon advanced technology and alternative fuel vehicles this document was produced for the u. The committee on transition to alternative vehicles and fuels in usa assessed the potential of. Electricity can be generated from fossil fuels but also wind, solar, wave, or nuclear power. Alternative transportation fuels and vehicle technologies. Moreover, transitions to newer, cleaner energy systems such as sources of renewable. Clean transport support to the member states for the. Limited consideration is given to air transportation. For a century, almost all lightduty vehicles ldvs have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels kindle edition by committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, board on energy and environmental systems, division on engineering and physical sciences, national research council. The focus of this paper is on alternative fuels, primarily for highway transportation, not on efficiency of vehicles.
Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. In 1992, congress passed the energy policy act to promote the use of alternative fuels. Alternative fueled vehicles and alternative vehicle fuels. Download this paper open pdf in browser register to save articles to your. Pseries fuels can be used alone or mixed with gasoline in any ratio by simply adding it to the tank. The committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels is. New business models for alternative fuel and alternative oecd.
Pdf transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and. Fuels and vehicle technology us department of transportation. This national research council nrc report assesses the potential to achieve twin goals of reducing petroleum use and cutting greenhouse gas ghg. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. Pdf world energy demand is projected to increase due to the expanding urbanization, better living standards and increasing population.
The emissions impact and energy output provided by alternative fuels varies, depending on the fuel source. Throughout the rest of the paper we will be using the general term installed base. Click download or read online button to get transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels book now. Identifying challenges for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, 22nd international system dynamics conference, oxford, available from the author struben j, 2006 essays on transition challenges for alternative propulsion vehicles and transportation systems phd thesis, sloan school of management. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels the national. Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and. Alternatives to traditional transportation fuels 2009 april 2011 u. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, committee on. Alternative fuels, diffusion, transitions, industry evolution, industry dynamics, system dynamics.
Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and transportation systems jeroen struben john d. Does office of energy efficiency and renewable energy sponsored a twophased study of 1 the successfailure of alternative fuel vehicle programs and corresponding legislative policies, and 2how well alternative fuels and vehicles met customer requirements and achieved economic viability. Analyzing the transition to electric drive vehicles in the. Committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, board on energy and environmental systems, division on engineering and physical sciences, national research council. Learn about job possibilities, education options and salary potential for this field. It is assumed that batteryelectric, fuel cell, and gridconnected hybrid vehicles that will be commercially available in the future will consume some alternative fuels.
Sterman mit sloan school of management, cambridge ma 02142 forthcoming environment and planning b abstract automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines ice, including hydrogen fuel cells and iceelectric hybrids. Mar 18, 2019 pseries fuels are a blend of ethanol, natural gas liquids and methyltetrahydrofuran methf, a cosolvent derived from biomass. Dedicated vehicles are designed to operate exclusively on one alternative fuel. State government fleets nationwide have operated alternative fuel vehicles afvs for years, meeting mandates set by the energy policy act epact of 1992 and subsequent actions. Fuels and vehicle technology alternative fuels strategies. Pdf alternative fuels and their application to combustion. Our casper wind farm, commissioned in 2009, has turned a former refinery site near casper, wyoming, into an 11turbine, 16. Alternative fuels at the core of sustainable transport. Automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines ice, including hydrogen fuel cells and ice electric hybrids. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading. Member, committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels. Demonstrate everything service technicians need to know about modern hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles in a single text.
Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels report of the. Epa researches and evaluates the feasibility of running vehicles on nonpetroleum fuels, such as alcohol fuels. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels download. For the most part the alternative fuel vehicle afv. The law requires owners of fleet vehicles to purchase a certain number of alternative fueled vehicles. Sterman mit sloan school of management, cambridge ma 02142 abstract automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines ice, including hydrogen fuel. Although not yet required by law, many local governments have also begun to purchase afvs for the same reasons. Environmental damage fossil fuel emissions from vehicles damage the environment and contribute to air pollution. Biofuels in the clean transportation future, looking beyond 2025. The transition is being driven by regulatory policies with the objective.
An alternative fuel, most generally defined, is any fuel other than the traditional selections, gasoline and diesel, used to produce energy or power. Department of energy doe by the national renewable energy laboratory nrel, a doe national laboratory. Adoption dynamics for alternative vehicles are complex, owing to the size and importance of the auto industry and vehicle installed base. This issue assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and. More than a dozen alternative fuels are in production or under development for use in alternative fuel vehicles and advanced technology vehicles. Making the transition to lightduty electricdrive vehicles in the u.
Internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels have powered almost all lightduty vehicles ldvs for the past century. Internal combustion engines ices operating on petroleum fuels have powered almost all lightduty vehicles ldvs for a century. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and ghg emissions by 80 percent across the u. Alternative fuels, known as nonconventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like. The dominance of ices over steam and batteries has been due to their low cost, high power output, readily available fuel, and ability to operate for long distances in a. Some of the lightduty afvs may count toward vehicleacquisition requirements for federal fleets and state and alternative fuel provider fleets regulated by the energy policy act epact. The transition is assumed to begin in california and the other u.
Conceptualizing the temporal dynamics of energy transitions. However, concerns over energy security from petroleum. Sunita satyapal program manager fuel cell technologies program u. Is the alternative fuel vehicle technology field for me. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels nas, 20 energy. The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the new forms of energy that are becoming available. Hydrogen and fuel cell technical advisory committee. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas ghg. Nonrenewable energy sources are diminishing everyday, and it. Alternative fuels seminar report pdf ppt download this upsurge in vehicle population has payed the foundation for several economical and environmental concerns.
The history of alternative fuels in transportation. The transition is being driven by regulatory policies with the objective of reducing fuel consumption and, more recently, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of the vehicle fuel combination. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels energy national research council, division on engineering and physical sciences, board on energy and environmental systems, committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels on. It has become clear that without significant changes in policy or the introduction of new technologies, the world will continue on an unsustainable path with respect to how it produces, delivers, and uses its energy resources. Clean transport support to the member states for the implementation of the directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure good practice examples. Use of alternative fuels and hybrid vehicles by small urban. Part of the results of this activity is reported in the following figures showing. Government and privatesector vehicle fleets are the primary users for most of these fuels and vehicles, but individual consumers are increasingly interested in them. Clean cities guide to alternative fuel and advanced medium and heavyduty vehicles 4 about the guide todays fleets are increasingly interested in medium and heavyduty vehicles that use alternative fuels or advanced technologies that can help reduce operating costs, meet emissions requirements, improve fleet sustainability, and. New demand centers are emerging, and there are numerous challenges to expanding the transportation fuels infrastructure. Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and transportation systems. Factors such as cost, fuel distribution, emissions, vehicle systems analysis, energy storage, power and propulsion systems, and advanced power electronics are just some of the considerations in phasing in alternative fuels and advanced vehicle design. Review of fossil fuels and future energy technologies. The use of alternative fuels can potentially lower emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases, and reduce americas dependence on imported oil.
Essays on the dynamics of alternative fuel vehicle. Energy information administration eia publishes annual data about fuel use and the number of vehicles in inventory for four types of alternative fuel vehicle afv fleets. Our endeavur in exploring different alternative fuels like natural gas, alcohols, etc. Clean cities guide to alternative fuel and advanced medium. Providing a renewable fuel choice hydrogen fuel cell vehicles natural gas basics propane basics all documents are taken from the website of the alternative fuels and advanced vehicles data center of. Find and compare alternative fuel vehicles afvs, engines, and hybridconversion systems. To be used extensively, alternative fuels, together with the vehicles that they power, would have to be at least price competitive with petroleumbased fuels and conventional vehicles. The committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels is grateful to the many individuals who contributed their time and efforts to this national research council nrc study. Congress also directed the federal trade commission ftc to issue labeling requirements for alternative fuels and alternative fueled vehicles. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Most fuels can be used in any vehicle class light, medium, and heavyduty, but the availability of alternative fuel vehicles afvs and their suitability for different applications varies. This graph from the nrc 20 transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels study suggests that npv benefits are roughly an order of magnitude greater than excess costs. Vehicle technology assessment in the nas report john german, icct.
A hybrid modeling framework for diffusion of alternative. Sperling and ogden, 2004, iceelectric hybrids demirdoven and duetch, 2004, transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and transportation systems jeroen struben, john d sterman. In this chapter we discuss the lessons about transitions that can be learned from. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels committee. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels 20 the. Nas committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels overall report task and. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, board on energy and environmental systems, division on engineering and physical sciences, national research council download bok. State requirements boost the transition to alternative fuel vehicle fleets. Essays on the dynamics of alternative fuel vehicle adoption. Electric vehicles were thus seen on the roads in quite significant numbers, but this time to a larger extent together with ice vehicles applying various types of alternative fuels from local renewable resources, notably bioalcohols and biodiesels anderson and anderson, 2005. So, to end the dependence on oil, we have to think of an alternative way to power our vehicles. Assess the status and prospects for current and future fuels and electric power that would be needed to power the vehicles. Drive clean a california air resources board web site that showcases the cleanest vehicles on the market.
Energy information administration alterna tives to traditional transportation fuels, 2009 tables vehicles supplied table s1. Alternative fuels research clean automotive technology. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels report of the nrc. Download a pdf of transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels by the national research council for free. More recently, states have seen a resurgence in the push for alternative fuels to save money, conserve energy resources, and reduce. Pseries fuels are clear, highoctane alternative fuels that can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. Alternative fuels are transportation fuels derived from sources other than oil. Transition to renewable energy systems wiley online books. They also submit data about sales of alternative fuels, deployment of alternative fuel vehicles afvs and hybrid electric vehicles hevs, idlereduction ir initiatives, fuel economy activities, and programs to reduce vehicle miles traveled vmt. Assessment of the greenhouse gas emission benefits of heavy duty natural gas vehicles in the united states 2005 pdf 495kb the u.
Nw one often proposed alternative fuel for vehicles is hydrogen fuel to be used in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Fuels can be produced from a variety of feedstocks such as food waste, natural gas, and renewable energy. Alternative fuel vehicle and transportation systems 1071. The transition to sustainable energy for transportation. Pdf understanding the transition to new fuels and vehicles. Jan 01, 2005 111 alternative fuels and their application to combustion engin es fig. Alternative transport fuels an overview cpcb envis. Diffusion of alternative vehicles is both enabled and constrained by powerful. In this paper, we introduce a general framework for evaluating the transitions toward sustainable alternative fuel vehicles, which takes into account supply and demand of both vehicles and fuels. These predicaments have in turn compelled governments to impose regulations on emission levels and seek alternative fuel options.
Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas ghg emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Part of this strategy includes mandates that federal vehicle fleets transition from conventional fuel vehicles to any number of alternative fuel vehicles afvs. Alternative fuels for vehicles contents biodiesel basics hybrid and plugin electric vehicles flexible fuel vehicles. Appendixes transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels by national research council 20 english pdf. Ups commits to more alternative vehicles, fuel and. Doego1020011142 august 2001 advanced technology and. In this ready reference, top academic researchers, industry players and government officers join forces to develop commercial concepts for the transition from current nuclear or fossil fuel based energy to renewable energy systems within a limited time span. Further transitions to 20% and increased use of 85% bioethanol blends could enable even larger. One of the key advantages of electric cars is the fact that the electricity for charging the car can be derived from various sources whereas petrol or diesel driven cars can only utilise fossil fuels as a power source. Fuel cell technologies program national academy of. Assess cost and performance of vehicle and fuel technology options that contribute to meeting the. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, committee. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels 20 for a century, almost all lightduty vehicles ldvs have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels.
1036 1592 148 231 1037 831 1008 641 502 1615 989 1118 639 901 1518 109 658 1226 1289 1326 5 146 462 1325 673 829 540 1440 1530 93 1460 1016 178 775 545 331 591